Vasohibin-2 promotes proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of vasohibin-2 (VASH2) in regulation of proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells.@*METHODS@#We analyzed the differentially expressed genes between cervical cancer cells with flotillin-1 overexpression and knockdown by RNA-seq combined with analysis of public databases. The expression levels of VASH2 were examined in normal cervical epithelial cells (HcerEpic), cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, C-33A, Ca ski, SiHa and MS751) and fresh cervical cancer tissues with different lymph node metastasis status. We further tested the effects of lentivirus-mediated overexpression and interference of VASH2 on proliferation, migration, invasion and lymphatic vessel formation of the cervical cancer cells and detected the expression levels of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and TGF-β mRNA.@*RESULTS@#RNA-seq and analysis of public databases showed that VASH2 expression was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cells exogenously overexpressing flotillin-1 (P < 0.05) and downregulated in cells with flotillin-1 knockdown (P < 0.05), and was significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). In cervical cancer cell lines Ca Ski, SiHa, and MS751 and cervical cancer tissue specimens with lymph node metastasis, VASH2 expression was also significantly upregulated as compared with HcerEpic cells and cervical cancer tissues without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Exogenous overexpression of VASH2 significantly promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and lymphatic vessel formation of cervical cancer cells, whereas these abilities were significantly inhibited in cells with VASH2 knockdown (P < 0.05). The cervical cancer cells overexpressing VASH2 showed significant down- regulation of e-cadherin and up- regulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin and VEGF-C, while the reverse changes were detected in cells with VASH2 knockdown (P < 0.05). TGF-β mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in cervical cancer cells overexpressing VASH2 and down-regulated in cells with VASH2 knockdown (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Flotillin-1 may participate in TGF-β signaling pathway-mediated EMT through its down-stream target gene VASH2 to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and lymphatic vessel formation of cervical cancer cells in vitro.

SOCS1 Regulates the Immunomodulatory Roles of MSCs on B Cells

Background and Objectives@#The effective use of MSCs for the treatment of some B cell-mediated immune diseases is quite limited. The main reason is that the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on B cells are unclear, and their underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. @*Methods@#and Results: By co-culturing B cells with MSCs without (MSC/CTLsh) or with suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) knockdown (MSC/SOCS1sh), we found that MSCs inhibited B cell proliferation, activation and terminal differentiation. Remarkably, the highest inhibition of B cell proliferation was observed in MSC/SOCS1sh co-culture. Besides, MSC/SOCS1sh reversed the inhibitory effect of MSCs in the last stage of B cell differentiation. However, MSC/SOCS1sh had no effect on inhibiting B cell activation by MSCs. We also showed that IgA+ B cell production was significantly higher in MSC/SOCS1sh than in MSC/CTLsh, although no difference was observed when both MSCs co-cultures were compared to isolated B cells. In addition, MSCs increased PGE2 production after TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation, with the highest increase observed in MSC/SOCS1sh co-culture. @*Conclusions@#Our results highlighted the role of SOCS1 as an important new mediator in the regulation of B cell function by MSCs. Therefore, these data may help to develop new treatments for B cell-mediated immune diseases.

Proliferation, Differentiation and Immunoregulatory Capacities of Brown and White Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Young and Aged Mice

Background and Objectives@#Adipose tissue is a source of mesenchymal stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are now recognized as an accessible, abundant, and reliable stem cells suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, few literatures gave a comprehensive report on the capacities of ADSCs harvested from different sites. Especially, the capacities of ADSCs from aged mice remained unclear. In this study, we investigated several main capacities of brown adipose derived stem cells (B-ADSCs) and white adipose derived stem cells (W-ADSCs) from both young and aged mice. @*Methods@#and Results: When isolated from young mice, B-ADSCs showed a stronger proliferation rate and higher osteogenic, adipogenic and myocardial differentiation ability than W-ADSCs. Carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling test suggested no significant difference in immunosuppression capacity between B-ADSCs and W-ADSCs. Similarly, no difference between these two were found in several immune related molecules, such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL10), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (socs1). When isolated from aged mice, B-ADSCs also showed a stronger proliferation rate and higher osteogenic, adipogenic and myocardial differentiation ability than W-ADSCs; however, it demonstrated an attenuated immunosuppression capacity compared to W-ADSCs. @*Conclusions@#In summary, our data showed that ADSCs’ characteristics were tissue source dependent and changed with age. It provided evidence for choosing the right tissue-specific ADSCs for clinical application and fundamental research.

Deubiquitinase MYSM1 Regulates Differentiation of Human B Cells to Plasma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the regulatory effect of deubiquitinase MYSM1 on differentiation of B cells to plasma cells.@*METHODS@#The interfering and overexpression plasmids of MYSM1 were constructed and then the corresponding lentiviruses were packaged. Human CD19 B cells were isolated from human peripheral blood with Miltenyi B cell isolation kit. Purified CD19 B cells were transduced with lentiviruses and then treated with LPS, the CD138 expression was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of transcription factor was determined by quantitative PCR.@*RESULTS@#The differentiation of B cells to plasma cells was enhanced after interfering in MYSM1 expression. Quantitative PCR showed that mRNA levels of Pax5 and Bach2 in cells with interfering in MYSM1 were much lower than their counterpart (P＜0.01), and mRNA levels of Prdm1 and Xbp1 in cells with interfering in MYSM1 were much higher than their counterpart (P＜0.01). On the contrary, the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells was inhibited after the overexpression of MYSM1. Quantitative PCR showed that mRNA levels of Pax5 and Bach2 in cells with MYSM1 overexpression were higher than those in control cells (P＜0.01), and mRNA levels of Prdm1 and Xbp1 in cells with MYSM1 overexpression were much lower than those in their counterpart (P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#MYSM1 negatively regulates differentiation of human B cells to plasma cells.

A case-control study on risk factors for postoperative nosocomial infections in patients with orthopedics operation / 预防医学

Objective To determine the risk factors of postoperative nosocomial infections (NI) in patients of orthopedics department of a PLA hospital, in order to provide the theory basis for prevention and control of postoperative nosocomial infections in patients of orthopedics department. Methods Using the real-time nosocomial infection surveillance system, we selected and retrospectively reviewed the patients after orthopedics operation and the patients with postoperative NI from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2015. A 1:1 matched case-control study was carried out. Controls were patients with the same period of hospitalization, the same department, the same sex and age difference of 5 years old, the same main diagnosis without NI. The data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Results In the survey of 13134 patients after orthopedics operation, there were 91 patients with postoperative NI and the infection rate was 0.69％. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that who had admitted to the ICU (OR=103.128, 95％ CI: 1.470-7237.388) , with a high level of incision contamination (OR=24.097, 95％ CI: 1.428-406.725) , perioperative use of antimicrobial for prophylactic utilization (OR=12.534, 95％ CI:3.460-45.407) and using hormones before nosocomial infection (OR=6.872, 95％CI: 1.374-34.384) was a risk factor for postoperative NI. Conclusion The postoperative NI in patients of orthopedics department was at a low level, and patients who had admitted to the ICU, with a high level of incision contamination, irrational perioperative use of antimicrobial agents, using hormones before nosocomial infection will increase the incidence of postoperative NI.

MicroRNA-20a Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 Cells through Regulating CKIP-1 Expression / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of microRNA-20a(MiR-20a) on osteogenic differentiation of mouse C3H/10T1/2 cells and its regulatory mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Osteogenic differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells were identified by ALP staining and qRT-PCR. MiR-20a mimics and CKIP-1 siRNA were transfected into C3H/10T1/2 cells respectively with lipo3000. The expression of osteoblast marker genes, miR-20a and CKIP-1 were quantitatively assessed by qRT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>miR-20a expression was up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells. Overexpression of miR-20a promoted osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, miR-20a inhibited the expression of bone formation negative regulator CKIP-1. Additionally, CKIP-1 knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MiR-20a promotes osteogenic differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells possibly through inhibiting the expression of CKIP-1.</p>

Establishment of mouse stably knockout of MYSM1 in MSC cell line C3H10T1/2 and its effect on the immune regulation in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To aimed at the establishment of mouse stably knockout of MYSM1 mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) line C3H10T1/2, and to investigate its immunological capacity of MSC in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To establish the stably transfected MSC cell line by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Then the Flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and Western blot were employed to detect whether the MYSM1 have been knockout yet. Furthermore, the immune modulatory effect of MYSM1MSC was tested by addition of MYSM1MSC supernatant into spleen lymphocyte and Foxp3 culture. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-4, interferon-γ and interleukin-17 were detected by quatitatine PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of MYSM1 was steadily knock out in MSC. In addition, MYSM1MSC showed a stronger inhibitory effect on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the MYSM1 has been stably knocked out in C3H10T1/2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mouse stably knockout of MYSM1 mesenchymal stem cells has been successfully established, the knock-out of MYSM1 in MSC can induce more potent immunosuppressive effects on cellular immune reaction in vitro. Our data laid a foundation for the further MSC-based applications in immune related diseases.</p>

Clinical Analysis of Multiple Myeloma Patients Aged over 80 Years / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical features, treatment response and prognosis of multiple myeloma patients aged over 80 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 23 cases of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma aged over 80 years from February 2007 to July 2014 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The median age was 82, and all the patients had at least 2 complicated diseases. Only 1 patient gave up the chemotherapy because of the poor performance status, the other 22 cases received individualized treatments. Out of 23 patients, 10 received velcade containing regimen (velcade group) chemotherapy, 10 patients received melphalan containing regimen (conventional chemotherapy group) and 2 patients received lenalidomide.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1 patient achieved complete remission, 1 patient achieved very good partial remission, 15 patients achieved partial remission, 1 patient achieved minor remission and 4 patients had progressed. Their median survival time was 19.5 months. Their survival rate of one-year, two-years, three-years were 73.9%, 39.1%, 26.1%, respectively. The median OS time and PFS time were 21.5 (9-46) vs 13 (3-23) months (P = 0.405) and 16 (5-38) vs 10 (3-19) months in the velcade group and conventional chemotherapy group, respectively. 9 cases had been alive until December 2015, while 14 cases had died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multiple meloma patients aged over 80 years diagnosed at advanced stage often accompanied with previous underlined diseases. Treatment should be individualized based on the evaluation of patient status. The OS and PFS time of patients could be prolonged using the velcade containing chemotherapy.</p>

A new method for isolating and culturing mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to establish a convenient and efficient method for isolating and culturing mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The femurs and tibias of mouse were taken under sterile condition. MSC were isolated and cultured with flushing- out bone marrow or collagenase-digested bone fragment or bone marrow plus bone fragment. MSC colony number and size were compared. Immunophenotype and differentiation ability were tested to identify MSC. The results showed that colonies from bone marrow plus bone fragment group came out earliest and the colony number was 20 ± 4 at day 4; there were 11.5 ± 2.5 colonies in collagenase-digested bone fragment group and 9.5 ± 1.5 in flushing- out bone marrow group. The total cell yields of MSC after passaging showed best in bone marrow plus bone fragment group. Flow cytometry data showed the cultured cells expressed Sca-1, CD44 and CD29, not expressed pan-leukocyte surface marker CD45 and endothelial cell marker CD31. The isolated and cultured MSC could differentiate into osteoblast at the osteogenic differentiation condition, or adipocyte at adipogenic differentiation condition. It is concluded that the method of bone marrow plus bone fragment is convenient and efficient for isolating and culturing MSC.

Effect of osteogenically and adipogenically differentiated bone mesenchymal stem cells from mouse on osteoclast formation / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the regulatory effects of differentiating mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on osteoclast formation. The MSC from mouse compact bones were cultured and induced into osteoblasts and adipocytes for one week. To test their regulatory effect on osteoclastogenesis, osteogenically differentiated and adipogenically differentiated MSC were co-cultured with CD11b(+) monocytes and osteoclasts were identified with in situ tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The results showed that differentiated MSC supported osteoclastogenesis but the osteoclast supporting capacity of osteogenically differentiated MSC decreased as compared with undifferentiated MSC. More interestingly, the adipogenically differentiated MSC significantly promoted osteoclasts formation when co-cultured with monocytes. It is concluded that the regulatory effect of MSC on osteoclast formation has changed while they have differentiated into different types of cells. The findings indicate that MSC may exert alternative effect on osteoclastogenesis by differentiation to descendant cells.

Endothelial cells from human umbilical vein inhibit generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on dendritic cell (DC) development. First, HUVEC were isolated from human umbilical cord by collagenase digestion, and then the morphology, immunophenotypes and functions were identified. Furthermore, the HUVEC were cocultured with CD14(+) monocytes under the cytokine condition for detecting the influence of HUVEC on differentiation of CD14(+) cells to DC. The phenotype of dendritic cells derived from CD14(+) cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, the immunoregulatory function of DC was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The change of IL-6 and VEGF as well as EPK and p38 signal pathway were analyzed by neutral antibody experiment and Western blot. The results showed that HUVEC isolated from human umbilical cord were characterized by spindle-shaped morphology, homogenous immunophenotypes (vWF(+)CD31(+)CD73(+)CD45(-)HLA-DR(-)CD86(-)CD34(low)), Dil-Ac-LDL incorporation ability and forming capillary-like structures. Following stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin-4 (IL-4), HUVEC cocultures could inhibit the initial differentiation of CD14(+) monocyte to DC. Interestingly, IL-6 and VEGF enhanced the suppression effect of HUVEC on generation of DC via activation of the ERK or p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. It is concluded that HUVEC are involved in DC development and can suppress the differentiation of monocyte to DC.

Involvement of MAPK pathway in the osteoblastic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway on the osteoblast differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSCs were isolated from mouse compact bone and serially passaged. After being cultured in osteogenic induction medium, the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were detected by Western blot. The effects of corresponding pathway inhibitors including PD98059, JNK II and SB203580 on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium accumulation in the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs were determined by ALP staining and von kossa staining respectively. The results showed that MAPK pathway including ERK, JNK and p38 was activated in differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. ALP activity of MSCs increased in the early phase by addition of PD98059 treatment, whereas ALP activity and calcium accumulation were not observed via JNK II treatment. However, SB203580 strongly inhibited the ALP expression and the calcium accumulation. It is concluded that p38 plays a positive role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and ERK is probably a negative factor at the early phase of differentiation, but the effect of JNK is not essential.

Activated T cells promote differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of activated T cell on the ability of MSC to differentiate into osteoblasts. The activated T cells with MSCs were co-culture for 14 days, then the osteoblast formation was tested by alkaline phosphatase staining. Furthermore, the supernatant of activated T cell was added in culture system of MSCs, the expression of molecules related with immune regulation of activated T cells was detected by RT-PCR, so as to determine what kinds of cytokine displayed the important function in MSC differentiation. The result showed that activated T cell could promote differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts, and IL-1beta played an important role in the effect of activated T cells on MSCs, while TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 were not. It is concluded that the activated T cells promote the differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts. The interactive influence between MSCs and immune cells can be mediated through cytokines.

Identification of mesenchymal stem cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid and their regulatory effect on osteoblast formation / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the influence of inflammatory microenvironment on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and regulatory effect of MSCs on osteoblast formation. The MSCs were isolated from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RASF-MSCs) and were cultured, the immunotypes of RASF-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry, the ability to differentiate RASF-MSCs into osteoblasts and adipocytes was determined by means of osteogenic and adipogenic induction, the regulatory effect of RASF-MSCs on osteoblast formation was assayed by co-culturing RASF-MSCs whth CD14(+) monocytes and in situ tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The results showed that RASF-MSCs highly expressed CD105, CD73, CD29, CD44, CD166 and HLA-ABC. Meanwhile, they lowly expressed CD34, CD45, CD31, HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86. However, RASF-MSCs decreased multi-differentiation capability as compared with BM-MSCs. More interestingly, RASF-MSC significantly promoted osteoclasts formation (p < 0.05) when co-cultured with monocytes. It is concluded that MSCs from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid exert typical MSC phenotypes but displayed decline of multi-differentiation capability. RASF-MSCs especially show promoting effect on osteoclastogenesis. The findings of this study may contribute to the understanding biological behavior of MSCs in pathological microenvironment.

Effects of human dendritic cells derived from CD34(+) cells on the biologic characteristic of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to clarify whether biology function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is changed by suppressing the development of dendritic cells (DC) derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). MSCs were cocultured with dendritic cells derived from CD34 positive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and then the expression of cytokines and phenotypes of DCs/MSCs were detected by RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively. Induced experiments were used to analyze the differentiation ability of MSCs. The results showed that DCs/MSCs were negative for the CD14, CD34, CD45, CD31, CD86, but positive for HLA-ABC, CD29, CD73, though the percentage decreased as MSCs vs DCs/MSCs (93.1% vs 13.44%, 98.3% vs 78.8%, 95.3% vs 75.9%). In addition, the expression of cytokines such as M-CSF, TGF-beta increased in DCs/MSCs. After differentiation induction, DCs/MSCs were deprived of the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, but maintained osteogenesis characteristics. It is concluded that the basic characteristics of MSCs are altered after coculture with DCs, and DCs/MSCs result in lower expression of mesenchymal phenotypes and decrease differentiation ability, but increase the expression of cytokines related to hematopoiesis and immunity.

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells and application of mesenchymal stem cells in therapy of autoimmune disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from many adult tissues, which can differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage, such as adipocyte, osteocyte and chondrocyte, as well as cells of other embryonic lineages. They are a promising tool for tissue engineering. In addition, MSC interacts with immune system, suppressing T cell, B cell and NK cell function and dendritic cell activities. MSC migrates to injured tissue to promote the survival of damaged cells and induces peripheral immune tolerance. The role of MSC in reducing the incidence and severity of graft versus host disease (GVHD) clinically has recently been reported. The immunoregulatory function of MSCs also shows a growing promise in the therapeutic application in autoimmune diseases. This review discusses the mechanism of MSC immunomodulatory ability and its therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases.

Osteoclasts take part in modulation for bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment--review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment occupies the medullary cavities of bones throughout the skeleton and provides support for hematopoiesis and immune cells development. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts in bone marrow environment are specialized cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cells and play a pivotal role in process termed as bone remodeling that involves break down and build-up of bone. It is only recently that studies have provided a novel basis for understanding potential role of osteoclasts in homeostasis, stress-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors and osteoimmunology. Further exploration on the interaction of osteoclasts with others in bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment may contribute to future clinical treatments for hematopoietic and bone-related immunologic disorders including cancer. In this review the origin and identification of osteoclasts and regulation of mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells, as well as osteoclasts and osteoimmunity were mainly concerned.

Endothelial cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells harbor immunoregulatory effects / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the immunoregulatory effect of endothelial cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The human MSC was induced to differentiate into endothelial cells for one week. The phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry, the cell morphologic feature was observed by invert phase-contrast microscope and analysis of capillary formation was performed by using the in vitro angiogenesis kit. The immunoregulatory effect was detected by lymphocyte transformation test. The result indicated that during the differentiation cells grew fast and there was no significant change in the phenotypes, i.e. CD73, CD105, HLA-ABC were positive and CD34, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, CD31 were negative. Immunofluorescence analysis showed typical expression of the von Willebrand factor. Differentiated MSCs formed capillary-like structure. Endothelial cells derived from MSC also revealed immunosuppressive effect on T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that endothelial cells derived from MSC also harbor immunoregulatory effect on T lymphocytes.

Human fetal heart-derived adherent cells with characteristics similar to mesenchymal progenitor cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate if human heart harbored a population of primitive undifferentiated cells with the characteristics of MPC. Cells were isolated from human fetal heart and were cultured under conditions appropriate for bone marrow-derived MPCs. Their morphology, phenotypes and functions were tested by methods developed for MPC from other sources. The results showed that morphologically, cells were spindle shaped and resembled fibroblasts. In their undifferentiated state, cells were CD73, CD105, CD29, CD44, HLA-ABC, CD166 positive and CD45, CD34, CD86, HLA-DR negative. When cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic media, cells differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes respectively. They could be extensively expanded in vitro and exhibited very low immunogenicity as evaluated by T cell proliferation assays. It is concluded that cells isolated from fetal heart possess similarity to their adult and fetal bone marrow counterparts in morphologic, immunophenotypic, and functional characteristics.

Osteoblasts derived from mesenchymal stem cells harbor immunoregulatory effect / 中国实验血液学杂志

In an attempt to study the immunoregulatory effect of osteoblasts derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), MSC was induced to differentiate into osteoblasts for one week. The growth pattern and the phenotype were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry respectively. The immunoregulatory effect was tested by the inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation. The result showed that during the differentiation cells grew fast and there was no significant change in the phenotypes but keeping CD73, CD105, CD44, CD29 positive and CD34, CD45, HLA-DR, CD86 negative. Osteocyte derived from MSC also showed immunosuppressive effect on T cell proliferation in adose-dependent manner. It is concluded that osteoblasts derived from MSC also harbored immunoregulatory effect.